What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia?

Hypoxemia can be defined as a condition where arterial oxygen tension or partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) is below normal (normal value is between 80 and 100 mmHg). On the other hand, hypoxia is defined as the reduction of oxygen supply at the tissue level, which is not measured directly by a laboratory value.

What does it mean when your EKG is abnormal?

An abnormal EKG can mean many things. Sometimes an EKG abnormality is a normal variation of a heart's rhythm, which does not affect your health. Other times, an abnormal EKG can signal a medical emergency, such as a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or a dangerous arrhythmia.

What causes ST depression?

It is often a sign of myocardial ischemia, of which coronary insufficiency is a major cause. Other ischemic heart diseases causing ST depression include: Subendocardial ischemia or even infarction. Subendocardial means non full thickness ischemia. In contrast, ST elevation is transmural (or full thickness) ischemia.

What does it mean if you have an inverted T wave?

T-wave inversion (negative T waves) can be a sign of coronary ischemia, Wellens' syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, or CNS disorder. Pediatric inverted T waves: normally found in the right precordial leads. They are not harmful and signify more dominant right ventricle force.

What causes reperfusion damage?

Reperfusion injury or reperfusion insult, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).

What is the main cause of ischemic heart disease?

Ischemic heart disease is also known as coronary artery disease or "hardening of the arteries." Cholesterol plaque can build up in the arteries of the heart and cause "ischemia," which means the heart is not getting enough blood flow and oxygen.

Which side of the brain is worse to have a stroke?

Left Brain. If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body will be affected, producing some or all of the following: Paralysis on the right side of the body. Speech/language problems.

Can you die from a stroke in your sleep?

Bush explained that sometimes you can die in your sleep during a massive stroke or a ruptured aneurysm. But in those cases, a person usually will have complained earlier about symptoms like a headache or other pain. ... But death during sleep with no symptoms at all is likely due to the heartbeat going haywire.

Can the brain heal itself after a stroke?

Posted on Monday, May 11, 2015 11:46 AM by Jon E. Bentz, Ph.D. When a stroke deprives the brain of blood, the nerve cells in the brain are either damaged or die, causing the physical and mental changes typical of stroke. Now, research is telling us that the brain is a fighter and does try to heal itself.

Can the symptoms of a heart attack come and go?

Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes, or that goes away and comes back. ... Other symptoms can include pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach; shortness of breath or breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness.

What does a silent heart attack mean?

A silent heart attack is a heart attack that has few, if any, symptoms. You may have never had any symptoms to warn you that you've developed a heart problem, such as chest pain or shortness of breath.

How do you know if you are having an anxiety attack?

For doctors to diagnose a panic attack, they look for at least four of the following signs: sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, a choking sensation, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, fear of losing your mind, fear of dying, flushing, feeling that danger is nearby, a racing heart (heart palpitations), and feeling an ...

What does an angina attack feel like?

Pain and discomfort are the main symptoms of angina. Angina often is described as pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in the chest. The pain or discomfort usually starts behind the breastbone. Pain from angina also can occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back.

What is the difference between a panic attack and an anxiety attack?

An anxiety attack, people may feel fearful, apprehensive, may feel their heart racing or feel short of breath, but it's very short lived, and when the stressor goes away, so does the anxiety attack. Panic attack on the other hand doesn't come in reaction to a stressor. It's unprovoked and unpredictable.

What does it feel like when you have a panic attack?

A panic attack is a sudden surge of overwhelming anxiety and fear. Your heart pounds and you can't breathe. You may even feel like you're dying or going crazy. Left untreated, panic attacks can lead to panic disorder and other problems.

How do you test for angina?

There are several tests your doctor may order to help confirm whether you have angina:Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). ... Stress test. ... Echocardiogram. ... Nuclear stress test. ... Chest X-ray. ... Blood tests. ... Coronary angiography. ... Cardiac computerized tomography (CT) scan.More items...

What is the average age for angina?

Angina is a common condition among older adults. In England, it's estimated that 1 in every 12 men and 1 in every 30 women between 55 and 64 years of age have angina. This figure rises to 1 in every 7 men and 1 in every 12 women who are over 65 years of age. Angina is more common in men than women.

Can Angina be detected on an ECG?

EKG (Electrocardiogram) An EKG is a simple, painless test that detects and records the heart's electrical activity. ... An EKG can show signs of heart damage due to CHD and signs of a previous or current heart attack. However, some people who have angina have normal EKGs.

How long does it take for pleurisy pain to go away?

Since the invention of antibiotics, pleurisy has become rarer. Pleurisy generally lasts from a few days to 2 weeks and often resolves without treatment. There are many potential causes of pleurisy, including pancreatitis, lung cancer, and chest wounds.

Why does it hurt to breathe in my heart?

Also known as pleurisy, this condition is an inflammation or irritation of the lining of the lungs and chest. You likely feel a sharp pain when you breathe, cough, or sneeze. The most common causes of pleuritic chest pain are bacterial or viral infections, pulmonary embolism, and pneumothorax.

Can a TIA be brought on by stress?

DALLAS, July 10, 2014 �� Higher levels of stress, hostility and depressive symptoms are associated with significantly increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in middle-age and older adults, according to new research in the American Heart Association journal Stroke.

What are the signs of a pin stroke?

Eight common symptoms of stroke are: Weakness in the arm or leg or both on the same side: This can range from total paralysis to a very mild weakness. Complete numbness or a pins-and-needles feeling may be present on one side of the body or part of one side of the body.

What are the very early signs of a stroke?

Signs that you may be having a stroke:Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.Sudden trouble seeing or blurred vision in one or both eyes.Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.More items...

Do you die instantly from a brain aneurysm?

There is a brain aneurysm rupturing every 18 minutes. Ruptured brain aneurysms are fatal in about 40% of cases. Of those who survive, about 66% suffer some permanent neurological deficit. Approximately 15% of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) die before reaching the hospital.

What are the signs of an aneurysm in the head?

Common signs and symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm include:Sudden, extremely severe headache.Nausea and vomiting.Stiff neck.Blurred or double vision.Sensitivity to light.Seizure.A drooping eyelid.Loss of consciousness.More items...

What can mimic a TIA?

We will now consider in more detail some of the key TIA mimics likely to be encountered in clinical practice.Migraine aura. ... Seizures. ... Syncope. ... Peripheral vestibular disturbance. ... Transient global amnesia. ... Functional/anxiety disorder. ... Amyloid 'spells' and cerebral convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage. ... Structural brain lesions.More items...

Do mini strokes show up on MRI?

Tests will be done to rule out a stroke or other disorders that may cause the symptoms: You will likely have a head CT scan or brain MRI. A stroke may show changes on these tests, but TIAs will not. You may have an angiogram, CT angiogram, or MR angiogram to see which blood vessel is blocked or bleeding.

Do mini strokes lead to a major stroke?

While TIAs generally do not cause permanent brain damage, they are a serious warning sign that a stroke may happen in the future and should not be ignored. TIAs are usually caused by one of three things: Low blood flow at a narrow part of a major artery carrying blood to the brain, such as the carotid artery.

Can you drive a car after an angiogram?

There are DVLA driving restrictions which apply after some procedures. (Your nurse will tick the section which is relevant to you.) After an angiogram using the radial artery (wrist) route �C you must not drive for 3 days. ... After an angiogram using the femoral artery (groin) route �C please do not drive for 24 hours.

How long do you have to wait until you can drive after open heart surgery?

Driving: you can ride as a passenger in a car at any time. avoid driving, outdoor bicycling, or motorcycle riding for six weeks after surgery. this time period is recommended to allow your breastbone (sternum) to heal. your movements might also be limited and slow before the six weeks are up.