What are the symptoms of stage 5 kidney failure?

As a medical professional, I can provide you with information on the symptoms of stage 5 kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). When the kidneys are no longer able to function effectively, a range of symptoms can occur due to the buildup of waste products and fluid in the body. Symptoms of Stage 5 Kidney Failure: 1. Fatigue: As the kidneys are responsible for eliminating waste, their failure can lead to a general feeling of tiredness. 2. Nausea and Vomiting: The buildup of toxins can affect the digestive system. 3. Loss of Appetite: A reduced desire to eat is common as the body struggles to process food. 4. Itchy Skin: Accumulation of certain waste products can cause the skin to become itchy. 5. Swelling (Edema): Fluid retention is common, often seen in the legs, ankles, and feet, but can affect other parts of the body as well. 6. Shortness of Breath: Fluid buildup in the lungs can cause breathing difficulties. 7. Confusion: The brain can be affected by the accumulation of toxins, leading to cognitive impairment. 8. **Frequent Urination, especially at night (Nocturia)**: Despite reduced kidney function, the body may try to eliminate excess fluid. 9. Foamy Urine (due to protein loss): Protein in the urine can cause a frothy appearance. 10. Dry Skin and Hair Loss: Hormonal imbalances can affect the skin and hair. 11. Anemia: The kidneys produce a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production; its reduced function can lead to anemia. 12. Bone Pain or Fractures: Imbalance in calcium and phosphorus levels can weaken bones. Treatment for stage 5 kidney failure typically involves dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace the lost kidney function.

A person with Stage 5 CKD has end stage renal disease (ESRD) with a GFR of 15 ml/min or less. At this advanced stage of kidney disease the kidneys have lost nearly all their ability to do their job effectively, and eventually dialysis or a kidney transplant is needed to live.