What are some of the causes of cancer?

As a field expert in oncology, I can provide you with a detailed explanation of the causes of cancer. Cancer is a complex disease that can arise from a variety of factors, both internal and external to the body. Here are some of the key causes: 1. Gene mutations: These are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to the formation of cancerous cells. Not all gene mutations are inherited; many occur after birth as a result of exposure to certain factors. 2. Environmental factors: Exposure to harmful substances or conditions can cause gene mutations. This includes: - Tobacco smoke: A well-known cause of lung cancer and other types of cancer. - Radiation: Both ionizing radiation, such as that from X-rays or radioactive materials, and non-ionizing radiation, like that from cell phones, can potentially cause mutations. - Viruses: Certain viruses, like human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B and C, can lead to cancer under certain conditions. - Carcinogens: These are cancer-causing chemicals found in tobacco products, asbestos, certain pesticides, and more. 3. Lifestyle factors: - Obesity: Excess body weight has been linked to an increased risk of several types of cancer. - Hormones: Hormonal imbalances or exposure to certain hormones, especially over long periods, can increase the risk of hormone-related cancers. - Chronic inflammation: Persistent inflammation from conditions like ulcerative colitis can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. - Physical inactivity: A lack of exercise is associated with a higher risk of certain cancers, including those of the colon and breast. 4. Age: The risk of developing cancer increases as you get older because the body's cells accumulate more mutations over time. 5. Inherited genetic factors: While most gene mutations occur after birth, some individuals may inherit mutations that predispose them to cancer. 6. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake is a risk factor for several types of cancer, including liver, mouth, and throat cancers. 7. Diet: A diet high in red meat and processed meats, and low in fruits and vegetables, can increase cancer risk. 8. Occupational exposures: Some jobs expose workers to carcinogens, increasing their risk of developing certain types of cancer.

Gene mutations that occur after birth. Most gene mutations occur after you're born and aren't inherited. A number of forces can cause gene mutations, such as smoking, radiation, viruses, cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens), obesity, hormones, chronic inflammation and a lack of exercise.