What does hyperkalemia cause?

As a medical professional with expertise in internal medicine, I can provide you with an overview of the causes and effects of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood. It is a potentially dangerous condition that can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications. Here are some of the key causes and effects of hyperkalemia: Causes: 1. Reduced kidney function: The kidneys play a critical role in regulating potassium levels by excreting excess amounts. When kidney function is impaired, the body may not be able to properly eliminate potassium, leading to hyperkalemia. 2. Potassium-sparing diuretics: Certain medications, such as potassium-sparing diuretics, can cause an increase in potassium levels by reducing the amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys. 3. High-potassium diet: Consuming a diet rich in potassium can contribute to hyperkalemia, especially in individuals with impaired kidney function. 4. Drug interactions: Some drugs, including some blood pressure medications like ACE inhibitors and ARBs, can affect potassium levels. 5. Acute tissue injury: Conditions that cause rapid release of potassium from cells, such as severe infections or rhabdomyolysis (a condition where muscle tissue breaks down), can lead to hyperkalemia. Effects: 1. Cardiac effects: High potassium levels can affect the electrical activity of the heart, potentially leading to arrhythmias or even cardiac arrest. 2. Muscle weakness: Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness or even paralysis, particularly affecting the muscles needed for breathing. 3. Neurological symptoms: Numbness, tingling, or a "pins and needles" sensation can occur due to the effects of high potassium on nerve cells. It's important to note that the severity of symptoms can vary widely depending on the level of potassium and the underlying health of the individual.

Normal blood levels of potassium are critical for maintaining normal heart electrical rhythm. Both low blood potassium levels (hypokalemia) and high blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can lead to abnormal heart rhythms. The most important clinical effect of hyperkalemia is related to electrical rhythm of the heart.