What is abnormal repolarization of the heart?

As a cardiac electrophysiologist, I specialize in the study and treatment of the heart's rhythm and electrical conduction system. Abnormal repolarization of the heart refers to an alteration in the normal process by which the heart muscle cells return to their resting state after being activated by an electrical impulse. This process is crucial for the proper timing and coordination of the heartbeats. Repolarization is a complex physiological process that can be influenced by a variety of factors. Electrolyte imbalances, such as changes in potassium or calcium levels, can affect the electrical properties of the heart muscle, leading to abnormal repolarization. Ischemia, or a lack of blood flow to the heart, can also disrupt the normal electrical activity. Structural heart diseases, like cardiomyopathy, can alter the heart's electrical pathways, and certain arrhythmias can cause changes in repolarization as well. T-wave and U-wave abnormalities on an electrocardiogram (ECG) are often indicative of repolarization issues. While these changes are not specific to any single disease, they can provide valuable information about the heart's electrical activity and help guide further diagnostic and treatment decisions.

Repolarization can be influenced by many factors, including electrolyte shifts, ischemia, structural heart disease (cardiomyopathy) and (recent) arrhythmias. Although T/U wave abnormalities are rarely specific for one disease, it can be useful to know which conditions can change repolarization.