How can we reduce the damage caused by earthquakes?

As an expert in the field of seismology and structural engineering, I have spent years studying the impacts of earthquakes and ways to mitigate the damage they cause. Here are some strategies that can be employed to reduce earthquake damage: 1. Structural Design: Buildings should be designed to withstand the forces exerted by earthquakes. This involves using appropriate materials and construction techniques that can flex with the seismic waves rather than collapse. 2. Retrofitting: Older buildings that were not built to current seismic standards can be retrofitted with base isolators, which can absorb the energy of an earthquake, and with additional bracing to strengthen their structural integrity. 3. Non-Structural Mitigation: Securing heavy furniture and appliances can prevent them from toppling over during an earthquake. This includes bracing storage shelves and anchoring them to the floor, as well as securing heavy objects to walls. 4. Glass Protection: Applying a protective film to glass windows, doors, and walls can prevent shattering, which is a common cause of injury during earthquakes. 5. Emergency Preparedness: Having an emergency plan and supplies in place can help minimize the aftermath of an earthquake. This includes having a first aid kit, food, water, and a communication plan. 6. Public Education: Educating the public about earthquake safety, including the "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" protocol, can reduce injuries by preparing people for what to do when an earthquake strikes. 7. Seismic Zoning: Land-use planning that takes into account the seismic risk can help avoid building in high-risk areas or ensure that buildings in these areas are designed to higher standards. 8. Early Warning Systems: Implementing earthquake early warning systems can provide crucial seconds to minutes of warning before the shaking begins, allowing people to take protective actions. 9. Insurance: Having appropriate insurance coverage can help with recovery efforts after an earthquake. 10. Research and Technology: Continued investment in research and development of new materials, technologies, and methods for earthquake-resistant construction can lead to more resilient buildings.

Brace storage shelves to withstand side-to-side movement and make sure they are well anchored to the floor. Place heavier objects on the bottom, as well as secure them to nearby walls if possible. Use a protective film on all glass windows, doors and walls to prevent shattering, which can cause serious injury.