What is an example of a longitudinal wave?

As a domain expert in physics, I can provide you with an example of a longitudinal wave. A prime example of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave. Sound waves are disturbances that travel through an elastic medium, such as air or water, and they involve the oscillation of particles in the medium. These oscillations occur in the same direction as the wave's propagation, which is a characteristic feature of longitudinal waves. When a sound wave travels through a medium, the particles of the medium are displaced from their equilibrium position and then return to it, creating a series of compressions (areas of high pressure) and rarefactions (areas of low pressure). This pattern of compressions and rarefactions moves through the medium, allowing the sound wave to be transmitted over distance. Another example of longitudinal waves are seismic P-waves. These are types of elastic waves that are generated by sudden movements in the Earth's crust, such as those caused by earthquakes or explosions. P-waves are the fastest moving seismic waves and are also known as primary waves. They travel through the Earth by compressing and expanding the material in the direction of the wave's propagation, which is indicative of longitudinal wave behavior.

Examples. Longitudinal waves include sound waves (vibrations in pressure, particle of displacement, and particle velocity propagated in an elastic medium) and seismic P-waves (created by earthquakes and explosions).