What are the causes of low hemoglobin?

As a hematologist, I can provide you with a detailed explanation of the causes of low hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Low hemoglobin levels can result from various conditions that affect the production or function of red blood cells. Here are some of the key causes: 1. Aplastic anemia: A condition where the body stops producing enough new blood cells. 2. Cancer: Certain types of cancer, particularly those that affect the bone marrow, can lead to low hemoglobin. 3. Certain medications: Some drugs, such as anti-retroviral drugs for HIV and chemotherapy, can suppress the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells. 4. Chronic kidney disease: Kidneys play a role in producing a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, and diseased kidneys may not produce enough of this hormone. 5. Cirrhosis: This liver condition can impair the production of certain proteins necessary for red blood cell production. Other factors that can contribute to low hemoglobin include: - Nutritional deficiencies: Lack of key nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid can lead to anemia. - Hemolysis: The premature breakdown of red blood cells can result in low hemoglobin. - Blood loss: Acute or chronic blood loss, such as from heavy menstrual periods, injury, or surgery, can lead to low hemoglobin levels. - Infections: Some infections can affect the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells. - Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus can cause the body to attack its own red blood cells. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if you suspect you have low hemoglobin.

Diseases and conditions that cause your body to produce fewer red blood cells than normal include:Aplastic anemia.Cancer.Certain medications, such as anti-retroviral drugs for HIV infection and chemotherapy drugs for cancer and other conditions.Chronic kidney disease.Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)More items...