How snow is made of?

As a meteorologist with a keen interest in the formation of various weather phenomena, I'm delighted to dive into the intricate process of how snow is made. Understanding the formation of snow is not just about the transformation of water into ice; it's a fascinating study of atmospheric conditions, temperature gradients, and the unique structure of snowflakes.

### The Formation of Snow

Water Vapor is the starting point of the snow formation process. It's the gaseous state of water and is present in the atmosphere. When the temperature drops, water vapor can transform into a liquid state, known as condensation, or it can skip this step and go directly into a solid state, which is the process we're interested in: deposition.

#### The Role of Temperature

The temperature plays a critical role in determining the phase of water. For snow to form, the temperature must be at or below the freezing point of water, which is 0°C (32°F). However, it's important to note that the temperature at the surface may not be the same as the temperature in the clouds where snow is being formed. The temperature can decrease with altitude, and it's within these colder regions of the atmosphere that snow can begin to form.

#### Cloud Formation and the Role of Dust

Clouds are the nurseries where snowflakes are born. Within these vast bodies of water vapor, there are tiny particles such as dust, pollen, or even bacteria that serve as nucleation sites. These particles are essential because they provide a surface for water vapor to cling to and begin the process of forming ice crystals.

#### The Deposition Process

As water vapor comes into contact with these nucleation sites, it undergoes deposition, where it changes from a gas directly to a solid, bypassing the liquid phase. This forms tiny ice crystals. The process is exothermic, meaning it releases heat, which can help to sustain the growth of the crystals.

#### Growth of Snowflakes

Snowflakes are unique and complex structures. They begin as simple hexagonal ice crystals and grow as more water vapor deposits onto them. The shape and size of a snowflake are influenced by the temperature and humidity conditions it encounters as it falls through the atmosphere. The classic six-sided shape is due to the molecular structure of water and the way it freezes.

#### The Journey to the Ground

Once the snowflakes are formed, they begin their descent to the ground. If the temperature remains below freezing all the way down, the snowflakes will reach the surface as snow. However, if the snowflakes pass through a layer of air above the ground where the temperature is above freezing, they may melt and you might end up with rain instead.

#### Snowflake Diversity

No two snowflakes are alike, which is a testament to the countless combinations of temperature, humidity, and the path they take through the atmosphere. This diversity is what makes the study of snowflakes so captivating.

### Conclusion

The formation of snow is a beautiful dance of atmospheric conditions, temperature, and the molecular properties of water. It's a process that starts with water vapor in the cold upper regions of the atmosphere, facilitated by nucleation sites, and results in the intricate patterns of snowflakes that we marvel at during the winter months.

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow.Nov 18, 2013