Who did Sudan became independent from?

As an expert in the field of African history, I can provide a detailed account of Sudan's path to independence. Sudan, located in the northeastern part of Africa, is a country with a rich and complex history that includes ancient civilizations, colonial rule, and a struggle for independence. The journey towards independence for Sudan was marked by significant political and social changes, as well as the efforts of various leaders and the international community. The modern history of Sudan's independence movement can be traced back to the end of the colonial era. Sudan had been under the joint rule of Egypt and the United Kingdom following the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium agreement of 1899. This arrangement effectively made Sudan a colony, with both Egypt and the UK exercising administrative control over different regions of the country. The push for independence gained momentum in the mid-20th century. A key event was the formation of the Sudanese political party, which advocated for self-governance and ultimately independence from colonial rule. Leaders such as Ismail al-Azhari played a crucial role in this movement. Al-Azhari would become a prominent figure in Sudan's fight for independence and later served as the Prime Minister of Sudan. On December 19, 1955, under the leadership of Ismail al-Azhari, the Sudanese parliament unanimously adopted a declaration of independence. This declaration was set to take effect on January 1, 1956, marking the official end of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium and the beginning of Sudan as an independent nation. The transition to independence was not without its challenges. Sudan faced internal divisions along ethnic, religious, and regional lines, which would continue to shape its political landscape in the years to come. The country also had to establish its own governance structures and institutions, a process that was fraught with difficulties. Despite these challenges, Sudan's independence marked a significant milestone for the African continent during a period when many countries were casting off the shackles of colonialism. The international community, including the United Nations, played a role in recognizing and supporting Sudan's independence. In the years following independence, Sudan has experienced a variety of political systems, from military rule to democratic governance, and has faced numerous internal conflicts, including a long-running civil war that eventually led to the secession of South Sudan in 2011. The country's history since independence has been marked by a struggle to achieve stability, democracy, and economic development. In summary, Sudan became independent from the joint rule of Egypt and the United Kingdom, with the declaration of independence taking effect on January 1, 1956. The journey was led by figures like Ismail al-Azhari and was supported by the collective efforts of the Sudanese people and the international community.

On December 19, 1955, the Sudanese parliament, under Azhari's leadership, unanimously adopted a declaration of independence that became effective on January 1, 1956.