Is Greece a democracy or a republic?

### Introduction As a subject matter expert with a deep understanding of political systems and their historical evolution, I am well-equipped to provide an insightful and comprehensive analysis of the political structure of Greece. My expertise spans across various aspects of political science, including comparative politics, constitutional law, and democratic theory. ### Answer in English Greece, a country with a rich and complex history, is often a subject of debate when it comes to its political classification. To address the question of whether Greece is a democracy or a republic, it is essential to understand the nuances of both terms and how they apply to the Greek context. Democracy is a form of government where power is vested in the people. It is characterized by free and fair elections, the protection of individual rights, and the rule of law. Democracies can take various forms, such as direct democracy, where citizens vote on policies directly, or representative democracy, where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. Republic, on the other hand, is a form of government where the country is considered a "public matter" and the head of state is not a hereditary monarch. Republics can be democratic or non-democratic. In a democratic republic, the principles of democracy are upheld, and citizens have a say in the governance of the country. Greece, as a matter of fact, is both a constitutional republic and a multiparty parliamentary democracy. This means that the Greek political system is founded on a constitution that outlines the structure of the government and the rights of its citizens. The constitution serves as the supreme law of the land and is the basis for all other laws and regulations. The multiparty system in Greece allows for the existence of multiple political parties, which compete for power in a democratic process. This system encourages political diversity and fosters a competitive political environment where different ideas and policies can be debated and evaluated by the electorate. The parliamentary democracy aspect of the Greek political system refers to the role of the parliament in the legislative process and the formation of the government. In this system, the executive branch, which includes the prime minister and the cabinet, is drawn from and accountable to the parliament. The parliament is composed of members who are elected by the citizens, ensuring that the government is representative of the people's will. Greece's political system has evolved over time, with significant changes occurring after World War II and the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic in 1975. This transition marked a shift from military rule to a democratic and constitutional framework, which has been in place since then, with periodic amendments and revisions to the constitution to address contemporary issues and challenges. In conclusion, Greece is a democratic republic, where the principles of democracy are enshrined in the constitution, and the government is structured to ensure that power is derived from the people and exercised through elected representatives. The multiparty parliamentary system allows for a vibrant and dynamic political landscape, where citizens can participate in the political process and influence the direction of the country. ### 中文翻译 Greece, a country with a rich and complex history, often prompts debate when it comes to its political classification. To address the question of whether Greece is a democracy or a republic, it is essential to understand the nuances of both terms and how they apply to the Greek context. 民主是政府的一种形式，其中权力归人民所有。它的特点是自由和公正的选举，保护个人权利，以及法治。民主可以采取多种形式，如直接民主，公民直接对政策进行投票，或代议制民主，公民选举代表代表他们做出决定。 共和国是另一种政府形式，其中国家被视为“公共事务”，国家元首不是世袭君主。共和国可以是民主的或非民主的。在民主共和国中，民主的原则得到维护，公民在国家治理中有发言权。 事实上，希腊既是一个宪法共和国，也是一个多党制议会民主国家。这意味着希腊的政治体系是建立在宪法基础上的，宪法概述了政府的结构和公民的权利。宪法是该国的最高法律，是所有其他法律和法规的基础。 希腊的多党制允许存在多个政党，这些政党在民主过程中竞争权力。这个系统鼓励政治多样性，并促进了一个竞争性的政治环境，其中不同的思想和政策可以由选民辩论和评估。 希腊政治体系中的议会民主方面指的是议会在立法过程中的作用以及政府的形成。在这个系统中，包括总理和内阁在内的行政部门是从议会中产生的，并对议会负责。议会由公民选举的成员组成，确保政府代表了人民的意愿。 希腊的政治体系随着时间的推移而发展，二战后以及1975年第三希腊共和国的建立后发生了重大变化。这一转变标志着从军事统治向民主和宪法框架的转变，自那时以来，宪法已经就位，并定期修订以解决当代问题和挑战。 总之，希腊是一个民主共和国，民主的原则在宪法中得到确立，政府结构确保权力来自人民并通过当选代表行使。多党制议会制度允许一个充满活力和动态的政治格局，公民可以参与政治过程并影响国家的方向。

Greece is a constitutional republic and multiparty parliamentary democracy with an estimated population of 11 million.