Where is theocracy used today?

The concept of theocracy, where a state is governed by immediate divine guidance, has evolved significantly over time. While the Enlightenment period did lead to the decline of theocratic rule in many Western societies, there are still some nations and regions where theocratic principles are in place today. It is important to note that the degree to which these principles are applied can vary greatly, and the term "theocracy" can be a complex and nuanced one. Saudi Arabia is often cited as a modern example of a theocracy. The country's legal system is based on a strict interpretation of Islamic law, known as Sharia law. The role of the ulema, or religious scholars, is significant in shaping the country's legal and social norms. The Saudi royal family, which governs the country, is closely tied to the religious establishment, and the Wahhabi interpretation of Sunni Islam is the state's official religion. Iran is another country that operates under a theocratic government. Following the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iran established a system where the Supreme Leader, who is a religious figure, holds significant power. The Supreme Leader is responsible for ensuring the state's laws are in accordance with Islamic principles. Iran's political system also includes elected officials and a president, but the Supreme Leader has the final say in all matters of state. The Vatican City is a unique case and is often considered a theocracy because it is an independent city-state governed by the Pope, who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church. The Pope, as the spiritual leader of the Catholic Church, has a profound influence over the city-state's policies and governance. However, the Vatican's influence is primarily spiritual and moral, rather than involving direct control over the daily lives of its residents. It is also worth mentioning that there are other countries where religious institutions have significant influence over the state, even if they are not strictly theocracies. For example, in Israel, religious law plays a role in certain aspects of civil law, particularly in matters of marriage, divorce, and burial. However, Israel is a democratic state with a separation of powers and a diverse political landscape. In some regions, there may be movements or political parties that advocate for a theocratic form of governance. These groups may not currently hold state power but can have a significant impact on the political discourse and direction of a country. It is crucial to approach the topic of theocracy with sensitivity and an understanding of the cultural, historical, and religious contexts in which it operates. The relationship between religion and state is a complex one, and the ways in which it is manifested can vary widely from one society to another.

Theocratic rule was typical of early civilizations. The Enlightenment marked the end of theocracy in most Western countries. Contemporary examples of theocracies include Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Vatican. See also church and state; sacred kingship.