Who taught Mary Calkins?
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Zoe Taylor
Studied at the University of Bristol, Lives in Bristol, UK.
### Step 1: English Answer
As an expert in the field of historical academic achievements and gender studies, I can provide a detailed account of the educational journey of Mary Calkins. Mary Whiton Calkins, a pioneering psychologist and philosopher, was born on March 30, 1863, and made significant contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the area of self-psychology and introspection. Despite her remarkable work, she faced considerable challenges due to the gender biases of her time.
Mary Calkins' academic journey was not traditional, especially considering the era she lived in. She was largely self-taught, but she did have influential figures who played a role in her intellectual development. One such figure was William James, a prominent American philosopher and psychologist. James was a professor at Harvard University and was known for his groundbreaking work in the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of pragmatism and the psychology of religion.
Calkins was influenced by James W. Royce, a philosopher and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who encouraged her to pursue her academic interests. Royce recognized Calkins' intellectual prowess and believed that she deserved the same opportunities for education as her male counterparts. It was through Royce's influence that Calkins was able to take regular classes at Harvard, albeit unofficially, as a student alongside male students. This was a significant step for a woman during a time when women were not formally admitted to Harvard University.
However, the path was not without its obstacles. Charles William Eliot, the president of Harvard at the time, was opposed to the idea of women attending classes alongside men. Despite this opposition, Calkins continued her studies and in 1895, she became the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology from an American university, although Harvard did not officially recognize her degree due to her gender.
Calkins' work was groundbreaking, and she was a trailblazer for women in academia. Her dissertation, "A Study of the Psychology of Autobiography," was published in 1896 and is still recognized as a significant contribution to the field. She went on to become the president of the American Psychological Association in 1905, another first for a woman.
In summary, while Mary Calkins did not have a traditional educational mentor in the way that male scholars of her time did, she was influenced and supported by individuals like James W. Royce and William James. Their encouragement and her own determination allowed her to overcome the barriers of gender and make a lasting impact on the field of psychology.
### Step 2: Divider
As an expert in the field of historical academic achievements and gender studies, I can provide a detailed account of the educational journey of Mary Calkins. Mary Whiton Calkins, a pioneering psychologist and philosopher, was born on March 30, 1863, and made significant contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the area of self-psychology and introspection. Despite her remarkable work, she faced considerable challenges due to the gender biases of her time.
Mary Calkins' academic journey was not traditional, especially considering the era she lived in. She was largely self-taught, but she did have influential figures who played a role in her intellectual development. One such figure was William James, a prominent American philosopher and psychologist. James was a professor at Harvard University and was known for his groundbreaking work in the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of pragmatism and the psychology of religion.
Calkins was influenced by James W. Royce, a philosopher and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who encouraged her to pursue her academic interests. Royce recognized Calkins' intellectual prowess and believed that she deserved the same opportunities for education as her male counterparts. It was through Royce's influence that Calkins was able to take regular classes at Harvard, albeit unofficially, as a student alongside male students. This was a significant step for a woman during a time when women were not formally admitted to Harvard University.
However, the path was not without its obstacles. Charles William Eliot, the president of Harvard at the time, was opposed to the idea of women attending classes alongside men. Despite this opposition, Calkins continued her studies and in 1895, she became the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology from an American university, although Harvard did not officially recognize her degree due to her gender.
Calkins' work was groundbreaking, and she was a trailblazer for women in academia. Her dissertation, "A Study of the Psychology of Autobiography," was published in 1896 and is still recognized as a significant contribution to the field. She went on to become the president of the American Psychological Association in 1905, another first for a woman.
In summary, while Mary Calkins did not have a traditional educational mentor in the way that male scholars of her time did, she was influenced and supported by individuals like James W. Royce and William James. Their encouragement and her own determination allowed her to overcome the barriers of gender and make a lasting impact on the field of psychology.
### Step 2: Divider
Studied at the University of Cambridge, Lives in Cambridge, UK.
Royce influenced Calkins to take regular classes through Harvard, taught by William James, with males as her peers. Harvard president Charles William Eliot was opposed to this idea of a woman learning in the same room as a man.
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Oliver Lewis
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Royce influenced Calkins to take regular classes through Harvard, taught by William James, with males as her peers. Harvard president Charles William Eliot was opposed to this idea of a woman learning in the same room as a man.
