What are the symptoms of hypercapnia?

As a respiratory expert with a focus on the physiological impacts of various gas levels in the human body, I can provide you with a comprehensive understanding of the symptoms associated with hypercapnia. Hypercapnia, also known as hypercarbia or hypercapneic acidosis, is a condition where there is an excessive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This can occur due to various reasons, including lung diseases, respiratory center depression, or issues with the mechanics of breathing. The symptoms of hypercapnia can vary depending on the severity and duration of the condition. Early signs may include: - Flushed skin: This is due to vasodilation as the body attempts to eliminate excess CO2. - Full pulse: The heart rate may increase as a response to the high CO2 levels. - Tachypnea: Rapid breathing can occur as the body tries to expel more CO2. - Dyspnea: Difficulty in breathing, which may be a result of the respiratory system's inability to handle the excess CO2. - Extrasystoles: Premature heartbeats that can be felt as skipped or extra beats. - Muscle twitches: Involuntary muscle movements that can occur due to the effects of high CO2 on the nervous system. - Hand flaps: Also known as asterixis, this is a flapping movement of the hands when they are held in a certain position. - Reduced neural activity: This can manifest as confusion or a decrease in mental alertness. - Possibly a raised blood pressure: The body's response to the increased CO2 levels can include an increase in blood pressure. In mild hypercapnia, individuals might experience: - Headache: A common symptom that can be due to the increased pressure in the blood vessels. - Confusion: As the CO2 levels rise, it can affect cognitive function. - Lethargy: A feeling of sluggishness or tiredness, which can be a result of the body's response to the high CO2 levels. It's important to note that the symptoms can progress and become more severe if the hypercapnia is not treated, potentially leading to loss of consciousness, seizures, or even death in extreme cases.

Symptoms and signs of early hypercapnia include flushed skin, full pulse, tachypnea, dyspnea, extrasystoles, muscle twitches, hand flaps, reduced neural activity, and possibly a raised blood pressure. According to other sources, symptoms of mild hypercapnia might include headache, confusion and lethargy.