Who is Karl Marx and what is his theory?
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Benjamin Brown
Works at the International Development Association, Lives in Washington, D.C., USA.
Karl Marx was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, political theorist, and revolutionary whose work in developing the theory of historical materialism and critiquing capitalism has had a significant impact on the world. His collaboration with Friedrich Engels was particularly influential, and together they wrote the "Communist Manifesto," which served as a foundational document for the socialist and communist movements.
马克思是一位哲学家、经济学家、社会学家、历史学家、政治理论家和革命家，他在发展历史唯物主义理论和批判资本主义方面的工作对世界产生了重大影响。他与弗里德里希·恩格斯的合作特别有影响力，他们共同撰写了《共产党宣言》，这成为了社会主义和共产主义运动的基础性文件。
Marx's theory, often referred to as Marxism, is a social, political, and economic theory that examines the role of class struggles in the history of society and the development of a classless society. It is rooted in the materialist conception of history, which posits that the economic structure of society - the way in which humans produce and reproduce the material conditions of life - forms the real basis of social organization and hence of the state, of law, and of the ideas and theories that arise in the society.
马克思的理论，通常被称为马克思主义，是一种社会、政治和经济理论，它检视了阶级斗争在社会历史和无阶级社会发展中的作用。它植根于历史唯物主义，该主义认为社会的经济结构——人类生产和再生产生活物质条件的方式——构成了社会组织、国家、法律以及社会中产生的各种思想和理论的真实基础。
Marx identified two main social classes in capitalist society: the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who sell their labor for wages. The bourgeoisie, according to Marx, derive their power from their control over the means of production and their ability to exploit the proletariat by extracting surplus value from their labor. This exploitation, Marx argued, leads to class struggle, which is the driving force of historical change.
马克思在资本主义社会中确定了两个主要的社会阶级：拥有生产资料的资产阶级和出卖劳动力以换取工资的无产阶级。根据马克思的观点，资产阶级从他们对生产资料的控制以及通过从无产阶级的劳动中提取剩余价值来剥削无产阶级的能力中获得权力。马克思认为，这种剥削导致了阶级斗争，这是历史变革的驱动力。
Marx believed that capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction and would eventually be replaced by socialism and then communism. Socialism, in Marx's view, is a transitional stage where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole. It is a system that aims to distribute goods and services based on need rather than profit. From this, a classless, stateless society known as communism would emerge, where "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all."
马克思认为资本主义包含了自我毁灭的种子，最终将被社会主义和随后的共产主义所取代。在马克思看来，社会主义是一个过渡阶段，生产资料由整个社区拥有和控制。这是一个旨在基于需求而非利润分配商品和服务的系统。从这个过渡阶段中，将出现一个无阶级、无国家的共产主义社会，其中“每个人的自由发展是所有人自由发展的条件”。
Marx's theories have been the subject of intense debate and have influenced various political movements, revolutions, and the establishment of socialist and communist governments around the world. However, the practical application of Marxism has varied widely, and the outcomes have been mixed, leading to ongoing discussions about the relevance and effectiveness of Marx's ideas in different historical and cultural contexts.
马克思的理论一直是激烈辩论的主题，并影响了各种政治运动、革命以及世界各地社会主义和共产主义政府的建立。然而，马克思主义的实际应用差异很大，结果也参差不齐，这导致了关于马克思思想在不同历史和文化背景下的相关性和有效性的持续讨论。
马克思是一位哲学家、经济学家、社会学家、历史学家、政治理论家和革命家，他在发展历史唯物主义理论和批判资本主义方面的工作对世界产生了重大影响。他与弗里德里希·恩格斯的合作特别有影响力，他们共同撰写了《共产党宣言》，这成为了社会主义和共产主义运动的基础性文件。
Marx's theory, often referred to as Marxism, is a social, political, and economic theory that examines the role of class struggles in the history of society and the development of a classless society. It is rooted in the materialist conception of history, which posits that the economic structure of society - the way in which humans produce and reproduce the material conditions of life - forms the real basis of social organization and hence of the state, of law, and of the ideas and theories that arise in the society.
马克思的理论，通常被称为马克思主义，是一种社会、政治和经济理论，它检视了阶级斗争在社会历史和无阶级社会发展中的作用。它植根于历史唯物主义，该主义认为社会的经济结构——人类生产和再生产生活物质条件的方式——构成了社会组织、国家、法律以及社会中产生的各种思想和理论的真实基础。
Marx identified two main social classes in capitalist society: the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who sell their labor for wages. The bourgeoisie, according to Marx, derive their power from their control over the means of production and their ability to exploit the proletariat by extracting surplus value from their labor. This exploitation, Marx argued, leads to class struggle, which is the driving force of historical change.
马克思在资本主义社会中确定了两个主要的社会阶级：拥有生产资料的资产阶级和出卖劳动力以换取工资的无产阶级。根据马克思的观点，资产阶级从他们对生产资料的控制以及通过从无产阶级的劳动中提取剩余价值来剥削无产阶级的能力中获得权力。马克思认为，这种剥削导致了阶级斗争，这是历史变革的驱动力。
Marx believed that capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction and would eventually be replaced by socialism and then communism. Socialism, in Marx's view, is a transitional stage where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole. It is a system that aims to distribute goods and services based on need rather than profit. From this, a classless, stateless society known as communism would emerge, where "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all."
马克思认为资本主义包含了自我毁灭的种子，最终将被社会主义和随后的共产主义所取代。在马克思看来，社会主义是一个过渡阶段，生产资料由整个社区拥有和控制。这是一个旨在基于需求而非利润分配商品和服务的系统。从这个过渡阶段中，将出现一个无阶级、无国家的共产主义社会，其中“每个人的自由发展是所有人自由发展的条件”。
Marx's theories have been the subject of intense debate and have influenced various political movements, revolutions, and the establishment of socialist and communist governments around the world. However, the practical application of Marxism has varied widely, and the outcomes have been mixed, leading to ongoing discussions about the relevance and effectiveness of Marx's ideas in different historical and cultural contexts.
马克思的理论一直是激烈辩论的主题，并影响了各种政治运动、革命以及世界各地社会主义和共产主义政府的建立。然而，马克思主义的实际应用差异很大，结果也参差不齐，这导致了关于马克思思想在不同历史和文化背景下的相关性和有效性的持续讨论。
2024-05-11 22:42:13
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Studied at Harvard University, Lives in Cambridge, MA
Video: Karl Marx's Theories: Class Differentiation and Revolution, Socialism & Capitalism. In this lesson, we will discuss the difference between socialism and capitalism, how Karl Marx believed that social class dictated one's social life and who were the bourgeoisie and proletariat.
2023-06-20 08:11:26
Scarlett Lee
QuesHub.com delivers expert answers and knowledge to you.
Video: Karl Marx's Theories: Class Differentiation and Revolution, Socialism & Capitalism. In this lesson, we will discuss the difference between socialism and capitalism, how Karl Marx believed that social class dictated one's social life and who were the bourgeoisie and proletariat.
