Is bipolar disorder an anxiety disorder?

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). It is important to understand that bipolar disorder is classified as a mood disorder, not an anxiety disorder. However, individuals with bipolar disorder can also experience symptoms that are characteristic of anxiety disorders, which can sometimes lead to confusion about the diagnosis.

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear, or nervousness that interferes with daily activities. Common types of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. While anxiety can be a component of many mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder, it is distinct from the primary features of the condition itself.

Now, let's address the clues that Dr. Simon mentions, which may suggest the presence of both an anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder:


1. The presence of panic attacks: Panic attacks are sudden episodes of intense fear that can occur with or without an apparent cause. They are not exclusive to anxiety disorders and can also occur in individuals with bipolar disorder, particularly during manic or depressive episodes.


2. Significant anxiety: While anxiety is a common emotion experienced by most people, significant anxiety that is persistent and interferes with daily life is characteristic of an anxiety disorder. In the context of bipolar disorder, this anxiety might be particularly severe during depressive episodes.


3. Nervousness and worry: These are also common symptoms of anxiety disorders. However, in bipolar disorder, these feelings can be part of the depressive phase, where individuals may worry excessively about their future, health, or other concerns.


4. Fearful avoidance of activities: This can be a sign of an anxiety disorder, particularly when the avoidance is due to fear of the consequences of the activity (e.g., social anxiety). In bipolar disorder, avoidance might also occur during depressive episodes when the individual lacks the energy or motivation to engage in previously enjoyed activities.

5. **Periods of depression and mania or hypomania**: These are the hallmark symptoms of bipolar disorder. It is crucial to differentiate these from the symptoms of anxiety disorders, as they are indicative of a different underlying condition.

It is essential to recognize that while there can be overlapping symptoms between bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders, they are distinct conditions with different diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches. A thorough evaluation by a mental health professional is necessary to accurately diagnose and treat these conditions.

In conclusion, bipolar disorder is not an anxiety disorder, but it can co-occur with anxiety disorders. The presence of symptoms like panic attacks, significant anxiety, nervousness, worry, or fearful avoidance of activities, in addition to the characteristic mood episodes of bipolar disorder, suggests the complexity of the individual's mental health situation. Proper diagnosis and treatment are vital for managing both conditions effectively.

But, Dr. Simon says, a few clues may suggest the presence of both an anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder: The presence of panic attacks, significant anxiety, nervousness, worry, or fearful avoidance of activities in addition to periods of depression and mania or hypomania.