What happens to the body during respiratory failure?

As a medical professional with expertise in respiratory health, I can explain the complex physiological changes that occur during respiratory failure. When respiratory failure occurs, the body's ability to oxygenate the blood is compromised. This means that not enough oxygen is being transferred from the lungs into the bloodstream. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells produce energy. Without adequate oxygen, cells cannot function properly, and this can lead to a cascade of effects throughout the body. In addition to the inability to oxygenate, respiratory failure can also occur if the lungs are unable to effectively remove carbon dioxide from the blood. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration and must be eliminated to prevent the blood from becoming too acidic, which can be toxic to the body's tissues and organs. The body responds to these changes by attempting to increase the respiratory rate to take in more oxygen and expel more carbon dioxide. However, if the failure is severe or prolonged, this compensatory mechanism can become overwhelmed. As a result, organs such as the heart and brain, which are particularly sensitive to oxygen levels, can begin to malfunction. Symptoms of respiratory failure can include shortness of breath, confusion, altered mental state, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. If left untreated, respiratory failure can lead to organ failure and death.

Respiratory failure happens when not enough oxygen passes from your lungs into your blood. Your body's organs, such as your heart and brain, need oxygen-rich blood to work well. Respiratory failure also can happen if your lungs can't remove carbon dioxide (a waste gas) from your blood.