How do you cite multiple authors in APA?
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Lucas Kim
Works at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Lives in Vienna, Austria.
Hello, I'm a professional in the field of academic writing and citation styles. I'm here to help you with your APA citation queries.
When it comes to citing multiple authors in APA style, there are a few different rules that you need to follow depending on the number of authors you are citing. Let's break it down:
### 1. Two Authors:
When you are citing sources with two authors, you should include both authors' names in the citation every time you reference them. Here's how you would do it:
Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found that...
### 2. Three to Five Authors:
For sources with three, four, or five authors, you include all of the authors' names in the first citation in your paper. However, in subsequent citations, you only include the first author's name followed by "et al." which is an abbreviation for "and others".
First citation: (Johnson, Smith, & Williams, 2009)
Subsequent citations: (Johnson et al., 2009)
### 3. Six or More Authors:
When a source has six or more authors, you only include the first author's name followed by "et al." from the very first citation onwards.
Example: Johnson et al. (2009) reported...
### 4. Corporate or Group Authors:
If the author of a source is a corporation or a group, you would use the group name as the author in your citation.
Example: World Health Organization (2009)...
### 5. Personal Communications:
For personal communications such as emails, text messages, or personal interviews, which are not recoverable sources, you do not include them in the reference list. However, you can mention them in the text with the appropriate description.
Example: (D. Johnson, personal communication, April 10, 2009)
### 6. Multiple Works by the Same Author:
If you are citing multiple works by the same author, you would use the year of publication to differentiate between them.
Example: (Johnson, 2008, 2009)
### 7. Multiple Works by the Same Author in the Same Year:
In the case where the same author has published multiple works in the same year, you would use lowercase letters (a, b, c...) after the year to distinguish between them.
Example: (Johnson, 2009a, 2009b)
### 8. Electronic Sources:
For electronic sources, you should include the retrieval date if the source is likely to change over time.
Example: Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http://www.example.com
### 9. Direct Quotes:
When you are quoting directly from a source, you include the page number in the citation.
Example: "This is a direct quote" (Johnson & Smith, 2009, p. 23)
### 10. Paraphrasing:
When you are paraphrasing, you still need to include the author and year of publication.
Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) discussed the importance of...
### Conclusion:
APA style is a widely used citation format in the social sciences, and it's important to follow the rules accurately to maintain academic integrity and give proper credit to the authors whose work you are referencing. Remember, the key to APA citation is clarity and consistency.
When it comes to citing multiple authors in APA style, there are a few different rules that you need to follow depending on the number of authors you are citing. Let's break it down:
### 1. Two Authors:
When you are citing sources with two authors, you should include both authors' names in the citation every time you reference them. Here's how you would do it:
Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found that...
### 2. Three to Five Authors:
For sources with three, four, or five authors, you include all of the authors' names in the first citation in your paper. However, in subsequent citations, you only include the first author's name followed by "et al." which is an abbreviation for "and others".
First citation: (Johnson, Smith, & Williams, 2009)
Subsequent citations: (Johnson et al., 2009)
### 3. Six or More Authors:
When a source has six or more authors, you only include the first author's name followed by "et al." from the very first citation onwards.
Example: Johnson et al. (2009) reported...
### 4. Corporate or Group Authors:
If the author of a source is a corporation or a group, you would use the group name as the author in your citation.
Example: World Health Organization (2009)...
### 5. Personal Communications:
For personal communications such as emails, text messages, or personal interviews, which are not recoverable sources, you do not include them in the reference list. However, you can mention them in the text with the appropriate description.
Example: (D. Johnson, personal communication, April 10, 2009)
### 6. Multiple Works by the Same Author:
If you are citing multiple works by the same author, you would use the year of publication to differentiate between them.
Example: (Johnson, 2008, 2009)
### 7. Multiple Works by the Same Author in the Same Year:
In the case where the same author has published multiple works in the same year, you would use lowercase letters (a, b, c...) after the year to distinguish between them.
Example: (Johnson, 2009a, 2009b)
### 8. Electronic Sources:
For electronic sources, you should include the retrieval date if the source is likely to change over time.
Example: Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http://www.example.com
### 9. Direct Quotes:
When you are quoting directly from a source, you include the page number in the citation.
Example: "This is a direct quote" (Johnson & Smith, 2009, p. 23)
### 10. Paraphrasing:
When you are paraphrasing, you still need to include the author and year of publication.
Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) discussed the importance of...
### Conclusion:
APA style is a widely used citation format in the social sciences, and it's important to follow the rules accurately to maintain academic integrity and give proper credit to the authors whose work you are referencing. Remember, the key to APA citation is clarity and consistency.
2024-05-14 10:02:09
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Studied at the University of Tokyo, Lives in Tokyo, Japan.
Multiple Authors2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found...6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with "et al." from the first citation to the last. Example:
2023-06-14 07:15:05
Lucas Gonzales
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Multiple Authors2 Authors: Always cite both authors' names in-text everytime you reference them. Example: Johnson and Smith (2009) found...6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with "et al." from the first citation to the last. Example:
