What do you call nouns and verbs?

Hello there, I'm delighted to assist you with your question. As an expert in linguistics, I can provide you with a comprehensive understanding of nouns and verbs, which are two fundamental parts of speech in the English language.

### Nouns

Nouns are a class of words that act as the main subjects of a sentence, representing people, places, things, or ideas. They are essential in constructing meaningful sentences because they provide the necessary information about who or what the sentence is about. Here's a deeper look into the characteristics and types of nouns:


1. Types of Nouns:
- Proper Nouns: These are specific names given to unique entities such as individuals, places, or organizations, e.g., "John," "Paris," "Google."
- Common Nouns: These are general names for categories or groups of people, places, or things, e.g., "man," "city," "company."
- Collective Nouns: These represent a group or collection of individuals, e.g., "team," "family," "flock."
- Abstract Nouns: These represent ideas, concepts, or feelings, e.g., "happiness," "freedom," "thought."


2. Functions of Nouns:
- Nouns can be the subject of a sentence, as in "The cat sat on the mat."
- They can also be the object of a verb or a preposition, as in "She read the book" or "The book is on the table."
- Nouns can be complemented by adjectives to provide more detail, as in "The blue sky."


3. Noun Phrases:
- A noun phrase consists of a noun and the words that describe or modify it, such as adjectives, other nouns, or pronouns, e.g., "The big, red car."


4. Plurals and Possessives:
- Nouns can have different forms to indicate plurality (more than one) or possession (ownership), e.g., "cats" (plural), "cat's" (possessive).

### Verbs

Verbs are action words or state-of-being words that express what the subject of a sentence does or is. They are the driving force in sentences, indicating action, occurrence, or a process. Here's a closer examination of verbs:


1. Types of Verbs:
- Action Verbs: These indicate physical or mental actions, e.g., "run," "think," "create."
- Linking Verbs: These connect the subject to additional information, often used to describe a state of being, e.g., "is," "seems," "becomes."
- Helping Verbs: Also known as auxiliary verbs, they are used to provide additional information about the main verb, e.g., "has been," "will run," "can swim."
- Modal Verbs: These express necessity, ability, permission, or possibility, e.g., "can," "should," "may."


2. Tenses:
- Verbs change their form to indicate the time when an action takes place, known as tenses, e.g., "I walk" (present), "I walked" (past), "I will walk" (future).


3. Voice:
- Verbs can be in the active voice, where the subject performs the action, or the passive voice, where the subject receives the action, e.g., "The dog bit the man" (active) vs. "The man was bitten by the dog" (passive).


4. Moods:
- Verbs can also express different moods, which reflect the attitude or stance of the speaker, e.g., indicative mood for statements, imperative mood for commands, subjunctive mood for hypothetical situations.


5. Conjugation:
- Verbs are conjugated to agree with the subject in number and person, and to reflect the tense, as in "I run," "you run," "he runs."

### Conclusion

Both nouns and verbs are indispensable parts of speech that serve distinct but interconnected roles in the English language. Nouns provide the foundation for what a sentence is about, while verbs propel the sentence by indicating action or state. Understanding their functions and how they interact within sentences is crucial for effective communication.

Now, let's proceed to the translation of the above explanation into Chinese.

The eight parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. Noun -C A noun is generally defined as a person, place, or thing; however, ideas are also nouns.