What is a notched T wave?

As a medical professional with expertise in cardiology, I can provide an explanation of what a notched T wave is. A notched T wave is a variation of the T wave that is observed on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The T wave is a part of the ECG waveform that represents the repolarization phase of the ventricles, which follows the depolarization phase indicated by the QRS complex. A notched T wave appears as a small bump or indentation on the T wave, typically just after the peak or on the descending limb. This notching can occur in various conditions and may have different implications depending on the context. Notching of the T wave can be a normal variant, particularly in younger individuals or those with no heart disease. However, it can also be indicative of certain cardiac conditions such as: 1. Ischemia: Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle can cause changes in the T wave, including notching. 2. Hyperkalemia: High levels of potassium in the blood can affect the T wave, leading to peaking or notching. 3. Digitalis effect: The use of digitalis, a medication used to treat heart conditions, can result in T wave changes, including notching. 4. Bundle branch block: A blockage in one of the heart's electrical pathways can alter the T wave's appearance. It's important to note that not all notched T waves are pathological. A thorough clinical evaluation, including a review of the patient's history, symptoms, and other ECG findings, is necessary to determine the significance of notched T waves.

Notched T waves, also called bifid waves or humps, were defined as a bulge or protuberance just beyond the apex or on the descending limb of an upright T wave.